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A rare long-range cortical neuron can push the mouse brain toward sleep
A mouse study identifies a sparse inhibitory neuron type that links distant cortical regions. Its activity rises during low arousal and slow-wave sleep; experimental activation increases cortical synchrony and sleep. The result establishes sufficiency in mice, not necessity, a human therapy, or a replacement for subcortical sleep circuits.
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Hamming, 1950: how three check bits can repair one error
A damaged bit need not destroy a message. Hamming’s construction adds three carefully chosen checks to four data bits, allowing the receiver to locate and repair any single flipped bit. Its limits are just as important: the seven-bit code cannot reliably distinguish one error from two.
Shannon, 1948: measuring information to communicate reliably
How can a message arrive intact when its signal is disturbed? In 1948, Claude Shannon gave engineers a mathematical framework for separating a message from its physical carrier, measuring how much it can be compressed, and finding the rate below which noise can be overcome with coding. His results established limits and possibilities, not a ready-made universal transmitter.
Camizestrant turns an emerging ESR1 mutation into a treatment-switch signal before radiographic progression
The FDA has granted accelerated approval to camizestrant plus a CDK4/6 inhibitor when an ESR1 resistance mutation emerges in blood ctDNA during first-line therapy, before imaging shows progression. SERENA-6 reported median PFS of 16.0 versus 9.2 months; overall survival remains immature.