Renewable Energy & Storage
Decarbonizing energy: solar/wind at scale, battery revolution, fusion cold & hot
Overview
Complete transition to carbon-free energy. Solar/wind at exajoule scale, stationary batteries, hot/cold nuclear fusion, green hydrogen.
Impact: Electricity <$10/MWh, zero CO2, stabilized climate, decarbonized economy 2030-2035
Involved actors
Roadmap
Solid-state battery mass production
QuantumScape scaling to 100k units/year
Long-duration storage 10GWh deployed
Form Energy or equivalent at grid scale
Global electricity 50% renewable
Grid fully capable of running on renewables
ITER: start of scientific operations
2024 baseline schedule: ITER starts with a far more complete machine, with the deuterium-tritium phase pushed to 2039
Projects
Active
ITER — Tokamak Fusion
Magnetic fusion reactor under construction. 2024 baseline: scientific operations from 2034, deuterium-tritium phase in 2039.
72% — 2034
Lawrence Livermore — NIF Inertial Fusion
Optimizing gains. The 2022 shot was the first net gain; scaling toward industry.
58% — 2027-2028
Form Energy — Long Duration Storage
Iron-air batteries. Factory rollout 2024-2025, production of 100+ GWh/year.
55% — 2026
Lanzatech & Partners — Green Hydrogen
Low-cost production. GW-scale electrolyzers. Heavy industry decarbonization.
52% — 2026-2027
Development
QuantumScape & Partnerships — Solid-State Batteries
Factory production 2025-2026. Transforming EVs with 10-minute charging and 600 km range.
48% — 2025-2026